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Crop Protection :: Apple

Woolly aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum

Symptoms of damage
  • Nymphs and adults suck the juice from bark of the trunk or fruits
  • Weakening and death of the smaller plants
  • Infested twigs shrivel and die
  • Galls on the roots
  • White, woolly patches on the trunk.
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Wolly aphids on twig Cottony mat

Identification of pest
  • Purplish aphid covered with white cottony mats

Management
  • Use resistant root stocks M 778, M 779, MM 14, MM 110, MM  112
  • Spray dimethoate 30 EC 0.06% or methyl demeton 25 EC 0.025%
  • Release the parasitoid: Aphelinus mali
  • Predators: Chilomenus bijugus and Coccinella septumpunctata

San Jose scaleQuadraspidiotus perniciosus

Symptoms of damage
  • The infested region in bark becomes reddish pink
  • Purple discolouration on fruits.
  • Infested shoots – loss of vigour and death of young tree or branches
San Jose scale on apple Red colour discoloration 

Identification of pest
  • Female: Round, slightly convex with a black pustule
  • Male: Linear.
WVapplesFig5
Adult - San jose scale

Management
  • Select nursery stock free scale infestation
  • Fumigate nursery stock with HCN gas or methyl bromide
  • Summer spray with phosalone 50 EC 0.05% or fenitrothion 50 EC  0.05%
  • Winter spray with diesel oil emulsion at 8-12 l/ tree ( diesel oil 4.5 l, soap 1 kg, water 54 -72 l)
  • Encourage the activity of parasitoids: Prospaltella perniciosi and Aspidiotophagus sp
  • Field release of coccinellid, Chilocorus circumdatus predator

Codling mothCydia (=Carpocapsa) pomonella 

Symptoms of damage
  • Caterpillar bore into the fruits and feed on the pulp
  • Infested leaves and fruits show tunnels with frass
Codling moth damage to apple  Codling moth feeding site

Identification of pest
  • Larva - Pinkish-white caterpillar with black or mottled black head
  • Adult - small greyish moth, chocolate brown patches near the tip of foreswings 
Larva Adult

Management
  • Field sanitation
  • Collect and destroy the infested fruits and cocoons
  • Banding - corrugated cardboard bands should be applied to tree trunks
  • Use sex pheromone trap
  • Mass trap males with codling moth lure traps
  • Release egg parasitoids, Trichogramma embryophagum at 2000/tree
  • Apply Virosoft CP4 Granulovirus
    • Codling moth larvae must eat the virus before they enter the fruit
    • Spray DDVP 0.04%
    • Apply diazinon, acetempride (4 application per season) during egg laying stage

Cottony cushion scaleIcerya purchasi 

Symptoms of damage
  • Nymph and adults suck the sap from leaves and twigs
  • Yellowing of leaves.

Identification of pest
  • Female with a cottony ovisac.
  • Nymph - Pinkish crawler, long antenna and group of hairs.
Cottony cushion scale on stem

Management
  • Select healthy and pest free rootstock
  • Collect and destroy the infested plant parts
  • Spray application of neem oil 2% , NSKE 5%
  • Spray application of chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.04% with sticking agent
  • Field release of some coccinelid predators and chilocorus nigritus

Stem borerApriona cinera 

Symptoms of damage
  • Grub provide circular holes and mass of excreta
  • Chewed up wood particles protruding out;
  • Bark gnawed and leaves defoliated
  • Shoots with circuitous galleries and the infested trees stunted

Identification of pest
  • Grub - Creamy yellow with dark brown, flat head

  • Adult - Ashy grey beetle with numerous black tubercles at the base of elytra.
3057081_flatheaded_appletree_borer300

Management
  • Prune the branches containing grubs before they entered the tree trunk
  • Inject 10 ml of monocrotophos 36 WSC and plug with wet clay to kill the grub



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