Woolly aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum
| Symptoms of damage |
- Nymphs and adults suck the juice from bark of the trunk or fruits
- Weakening and death of the smaller plants
- Infested twigs shrivel and die
- Galls on the roots
- White, woolly patches on the trunk.
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| Wolly aphids on twig |
Cottony mat |
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| Identification of pest |
- Purplish aphid covered with white cottony mats
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| Management |
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Use resistant root stocks M 778, M 779, MM 14, MM 110, MM 112
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Spray dimethoate 30 EC 0.06% or methyl demeton 25 EC 0.025%
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Release the parasitoid: Aphelinus mali
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Predators: Chilomenus bijugus and Coccinella septumpunctata
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San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus
| Symptoms of damage |
- The infested region in bark becomes reddish pink
- Purple discolouration on fruits.
- Infested shoots – loss of vigour and death of young tree or branches
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| San Jose scale on apple |
Red colour discoloration |
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| Identification of pest |
- Female: Round, slightly convex with a black pustule
- Male: Linear.
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| Adult - San jose scale |
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| Management |
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Select nursery stock free scale infestation
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Fumigate nursery stock with HCN gas or methyl bromide
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Summer spray with phosalone 50 EC 0.05% or fenitrothion 50 EC 0.05%
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Winter spray with diesel oil emulsion at 8-12 l/ tree ( diesel oil 4.5 l, soap 1 kg, water 54 -72 l)
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Encourage the activity of parasitoids: Prospaltella perniciosi and Aspidiotophagus sp
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Field release of coccinellid, Chilocorus circumdatus predator
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Codling moth, Cydia (=Carpocapsa) pomonella
| Symptoms of damage |
- Caterpillar bore into the fruits and feed on the pulp
- Infested leaves and fruits show tunnels with frass
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| Codling moth damage to apple |
Codling moth feeding site |
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| Identification of pest |
- Larva - Pinkish-white caterpillar with black or mottled black head
- Adult - small greyish moth, chocolate brown patches near the tip of foreswings
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| Larva |
Adult |
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| Management |
- Field sanitation
- Collect and destroy the infested fruits and cocoons
- Banding - corrugated cardboard bands should be applied to tree trunks
- Use sex pheromone trap
- Mass trap males with codling moth lure traps
- Release egg parasitoids, Trichogramma embryophagum at 2000/tree
- Apply Virosoft CP4 Granulovirus
- Codling moth larvae must eat the virus before they enter the fruit
- Spray DDVP 0.04%
- Apply diazinon, acetempride (4 application per season) during egg laying stage
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Cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi
| Symptoms of damage |
- Nymph and adults suck the sap from leaves and twigs
- Yellowing of leaves.
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| Identification of pest |
- Female with a cottony ovisac.
- Nymph - Pinkish crawler, long antenna and group of hairs.
|
 |
| Cottony cushion scale on stem |
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| Management |
- Select healthy and pest free rootstock
- Collect and destroy the infested plant parts
- Spray application of neem oil 2% , NSKE 5%
- Spray application of chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.04% with sticking agent
- Field release of some coccinelid predators and chilocorus nigritus
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Stem borer, Apriona cinera
| Symptoms of damage |
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Grub provide circular holes and mass of excreta
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Chewed up wood particles protruding out;
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Bark gnawed and leaves defoliated
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Shoots with circuitous galleries and the infested trees stunted
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